Interpreting Music and Finding the Meaning - 694 Words

Ever since I first say the original version of Disneys Fantasia, I was astounded by the way certain pieces of music were able to communicate such complex and wonderful pictures. Like most children, I was always fascinated by prehistoric life the large and powerful dinosaurs living in a primitive world so alien to our own. As I grew up, I tried to read everything I possibly could about that primitive world, and when I combined that interest with the visuals and music in Fantasia, began to wonder about some of the compositions. One of these pieces of music, written by Igor Stravinsky just prior to World War I, was the ballet score for The Rite of Spring. Disneys interpretation was all I knew at the time, so I was extremely surprised that the original piece of music had nothing to do with the dinosaurs or prehistory, but instead was a ballet based on pagan Russia and the power of Spring. What was so interesting was the way the Disney artists used the music to depict spewing volcanoes, earthquakes, massive dinosaur herds, and it all seemed to fit so well that it seemed natural. When I viewed a number of different interpretations of the same music on YouTube, I found them so utterly different that it really hit me the power of musical expression and what it can do to ones imagination. Then, I began to become even more intrigued and found that The Rite of Spring was so controversial at its Paris premier that even with famous artists like the dancer Nijinsky and conductorShow MoreRelatedPoetic Elements Within the Blues Essay examples555 Words   |  3 Pagesone of the most captivating genres of music. The genre was originated in the late 1800’s as a method used by African American slaves to express the circumstances as well as to put emphasis on their feelings and emotions. In order to create these feelings in this music, blues artists incorporate many of the same techniques used to write poetry. One of the most easily identifiable songs in which it is easy to see the relation between poetic elements and blues music is the song â€Å"Empty Bed Blues† by BessieRead MoreMusic Is Sacred At The Human Race Essay948 Words   |  4 PagesMusic is sacred to the human race. For years music has brought people together and has been a point of gathering for many . Music symbolizes a sense of comfort or happiness to some people and is also a form of ritual to others. Music is an art. Music expresses the way people feel in words and perhaps expresses inner emotions they cannot dare to speak out. When words fail, music prevails. Two individuals may have the same favorite song, but it is interesting to see them both interpret the song differentlyRead MoreClassical Music Vs. Contemporary Music1113 Words   |  5 PagesBy universal, they mean that music exists in every culture. However, the meanings and emotions attached to the music are interpreted differently depending on the listener. People will associate different meanings and feelings with a musical performance based on their cultural upbringing and life experience. When we categorize music, we use terms such as â€Å"classical,† â€Å"folk† or â€Å"popular† to distinguish different types of music. However, using labels is problematic because there can be stereotypingRead MoreReason as a Way of Knowing1387 Words   |  6 PagesReason is a way of knowing in which we construct meanings together through modifying and improving individual opinions and ideas, in order to reach a plausible or logical conclusion. In other words, reason is the ability to help people decide what is true and what is not. Most of the time, reason is more commonly related to math and science subjects, where logic is put into place in order to obtain logical validity and justify claims. Through observations and experiments, we can prove, within reasonRead MoreThe Role Of Marriage In The Kreutzer Sonata By Leo Tolstoy1521 Words   |  7 Pagesrid of her and her tantrums. Pozdnyshev’s wife starts to take up hobbies, such as the piano, to escape her husband’s rage. She hires a music teacher named Troukhatchevsky where he would play the violin, and she would play the piano to Beethoven’s â€Å"Kreutzer Sonata† occupying her time. Pozdnyshev then starts to think and believe that the both of them playing music together is an excellent excuse to cover passionate love. His jealousy consumes his every thought throughout the novella, making it difficultRead More Fundamentals of Research Essay1596 Words   |  7 Pagesdaunting throughout time. Nevertheless, curiosity and the need to progress remains the same. Many regard research as gathering information and using facts to support findings (Leedy Ormrod, 2010, pg. 1-2). Nevertheless, Leedy and Ormrod (2010), define research as a systematic process of collecting, analyzing, and interpreting information (data) in order to increase our understanding of a phenomenon about which we are interested or concerned (Leedy Ormond, 2010, pg. 2). Nunans definitionRead MoreSpeech Is The Major Vehicle Of Human Communication909 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: Speech is the major vehicle of human communication through which ideas and thoughts are conveyed by the speakers to the listeners. During this process, the conveyed message is heard, understood and the meaning is extracted. Here, it is important to distinguish between Hearing, Listening and Perception. Hearing is the sensation of sound. Sounds produced by a source are transmitted through a medium and into the ears of the listener which converts vibrational energy into neural impulsesRead MoreInterpretive Analysis Of Dragnet s Formal Elements2210 Words   |  9 Pagesprocedural/detective drama and was produced by Jack Webb. Through previously interpreting the findings of the show’s mise en scene and other stylistic features, it was found that the formal features of Dragnet are ultimately used to convey p ower relations and to establish trust or misgivings in interpersonal relationships in order to convey a sense of realism within the series, which the series is distinctive for in its genre. After interpreting the findings, it may be argued that Dragnet served as a tool to upholdRead MoreEssay on Kid Rock, Fuel, and Buckcherry995 Words   |  4 Pagesconcert I had been somewhat familiar with all three bands music. I was excited to attend the show, but I didnt know what to expect. I had always thought of Kid Rock(the headliner) to be a punk/hard rock band. I had only attended alternative concerts in my lifetime, so I had never had an experience like this. The other band, Buckcherry, was also a hard rock band. Fuel, on the other hand, was more of an alternative style band. Their music was more my style than the other two. To begin theRead MoreAmerican Culture And The Culture873 Words   |  4 Pages American culture is a combination of many contradictions. Although I always try to be as skeptical as possible, there are times I cannot escape from both perspectives and stereotypes when interpreting this culture. My attempt to study American culture both through literature and popular approach such as music, movies, TV shows, magazines is more than just a preparation to adapt, but a personal interest. However, no matter how I have acquired the wide and updated knowledge about American culture

Financial Crisis of 2008 - 1794 Words

The Financial Crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression, however a lot of American’s want tougher law of be enforced against executives and companies they think started the mess (Jost/Misconduct). Civil charges have been brought up against major banks for misleading investors, but a federal judge rejected a proposed settlement saying it was too lenient (Jost/Misconduct). The flood of subprime mortgages roiling the housing market in the U.S. is also causing the worldwide credit crisis (Jost/Crisis). Investment banks everywhere are taking billion-dollar losses, forcing them to revalue their belongings (Jost/crisis). This crisis started under the surface for many years then emerged into the public in March 2008†¦show more content†¦These realities require outstanding moral integrity, political independence with their heads, and top-level technical expertise (Lagos). One way the government looks at this financial crisis is just a symptom of a deeper crisis which is a crisis of its own. †¢ The growing executive compensation †¢ Manager’s capitalism has replaced owner’s capitalism †¢ The failure of gatekeepers , this includes boards of directors, career politicians, auditors, and Wall Street analysts †¢ The management of earnings These are the Bogle cities particular issues that caused the financial crisis. Mark Roeder, a former executive at the UBS, conducted an analysis that suggested that large-scaled momentum â€Å"played a pivotal role† in the global financial crisis, also known as the financial crisis of 2008 (Lagos). Involvement of Private Sector The Reserve Bank has been verbal that they are uncomfortable about wealthy Asian governments using savings when they use the savings to shop around for assets (Saulwick). High levels of public sector involvement could hurt financial markets and the returns countries are earning on their foreign investments (Saulwick). Dr. Lowe, the person that said this, argued that the private sector in Asian countries needs to take on a greater role when it comes to overseas investment. He also said the world was moving unavoidably towards financial institutions inShow MoreRelated2008 Financial Crisis: Icelands Then Now Essay examples1558 Words   |  7 PagesCauses of the Crisis On September 15, 2008, the American bank Lehman Brothers, with holdings over 600 billion USD, filed bankruptcy. This was by far the biggest bankruptcy in U.S history and it marked the beginning and the largest financial crisis ever. How can one of the biggest banks in the world fail? How can a bankruptcy in US make someone on the other side of the world unemployed? The answer is Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs) and it all started by new innovations in the financial sector combinedRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081384 Words   |  6 PagesThe turmoil in the financial markets also known as the financial crisis of 2008 was considered the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression. Many areas of the United States suffered. The housing market plummeted and as a result of that, many evictions occurred, as well as foreclosures and unemployment. Leading up to the financial crash, most of the money that was made by investors was based on people speculating on investments li ke real estate, stocks, debt buying, and complex investmentRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081747 Words   |  7 PagesThe economic crisis of 2008 was one for the ages, it changed the world of investing forever. That year, the stock market crashed, bank failures and the infamous wall street bailout that can all be traced back to the subprime mortgage crisis.. 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Gramm-Leach-BlileyRead MoreFinancial Crisis 20085972 Words   |  24 PagesCORPORATE FINANCE THE GLOBAL FINANCIAL CRISIS 2008 Group’s member:Nguyá »â€¦n NhÆ ° Nam (C)Phan Thu AnNguyá »â€¦n Thà ¹y DungHoà  ng Bà ¡ SÆ ¡nNgà ´ Thá »â€¹ à nh Tuyá º ¿tDate: 28/11/2014 | AbstractIn 2008 the world was fell into the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression of 1929-1933. Although this crisis has gone, however, its consequences for the economy of many countries is very serious, even now many nations are still struggling to escape difficulty. Just in a short period, the crisis originating from AmericaRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2044 Words   |  9 PagesThe 2008 financial meltdown resulted in the most treacherous investment landscape observed since the great depression. The most notorious issue was the subprime mortgage crisis, which had a ripple effect felt through every market in the world. The banks, whose leverage rate should never have been higher than two times capitalization, surged as high as thirty to forty times market cap. With this level of exposure, any unforeseen market fluctuations could mean disaster. Lehman Brothers, the oldestRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081125 Words   |  5 PagesA mortgage meltdown and financial crisis of unbelievable magnitude was brewing and very few people, including politicians, the media, and the poor unsuspecting mortgage borrowers anticipated the ramifications that were about to occur. The financial crisis of 2008 was the worst financial crisis since the Great Depression; ultimately coalescing into the largest bankruptcies in world history--approximately 30 million people lost their jobs, trillions of dollars in wealth diminished, and millions ofRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20081689 Words   |  7 PagesOur society seems to doing well since the financial crisis of 2008. The country is recovering from the Great Recession, unemployment is down and the global domestic product is up. People have jobs and are paying taxes. President Obama lowered our budget deficit and promised to make healthcare more available to all. On average, America is well on its way to recovery. But what about the people that slipped through the cracks of the financial stimulus pl an? These are the people that lost their jobsRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 2008 Essay2553 Words   |  11 PagesWhen you think of the 2008 financial crisis that affected not just the US economy, but the world as a whole, most average middle-class Americans won’t really know what triggered this economic disaster. Most will probably blame, and rightfully so, those large corporations on Wall Street. These corporations, which deal with insanely large amounts of money, will always be wary of their stocks decreasing. But they also know that 99% of the time, everything will go back to normal in the future. What theyRead MoreThe Financial Crisis Of 20082083 Words   |  9 PagesEver since the economic virus called â€Å"negative interest rates† scattered over European and later Japanese banks, our economic system has been the most unstable since the financial crisis of 2008. The virus, negative interest rates, is a concept in which the central bank charges interest in bor rowing money and holding an account. It was brought forth in efforts to increase economic growth by giving commercial banks a tax on the large amount of reserves they hold in the bank. In other words, commercial

African American Culture in a Modern America free essay sample

African American Culture in a Modern American Dominant Sociology Intro to Sociology September 3, 2010 Janice Caparro African American culture in the United States refers to the cultural contributions of Americans African descent to the culture of the United States, either as part of or distinct from American culture. The distinct identity of African American culture is rooted in the historical experience of the African American people. The culture is both distinct and enormously influential to American culture as a whole. African- American culture is rooted in Africa. It is a blend of chiefly sub-Saharan African and Sahelean cultures. Although slavery greatly restricted the ability of Americans of African descent to practice their cultural traditions, many practices, values, and beliefs survived and over time have modified or blended with European American culture. There are some facets of African American culture that were accentuated by the slavery period. The result is a unique and dynamic culture that has had and continues to have a profound impact on mainstream American culture. After emancipation, unique African-American traditions continued to flourish as distinctive traditions or radical innovations in music, art, literature, religion, cuisine, and other ields. Twentieth-century sociologists, such as Gunnar Myrdal, believed that African Americans had lost most cultural ties with Africa. Melville Herskovits and others researched using anthropological field and demonstrated that there has been a continuum of African traditions among Africans of the Diaspora. The greatest influence of African cultural practices on European culture is found below the Mason-Dixon in the American South. For many years, African-American culture developed separately from mainstream American culture, because of slavery and the persistence of racial discrimination in America, as well as African-American slave escendants desire to create and maintain their own traditions. Today, African- American culture has become a significant part of American culture and yet, at the same time, remains a distinct cultural body. In the earliest days of American slavery in the 17th century, slave owners sought to exercise control over their slaves by attempting to strip them of their African culture. The physical isolation and societal marginalization of African slaves and later of their free progeny however facilitated the retention of significant elements of traditional culture among Africans in the New World generally, and in the U. S. n particular. Slave owners deliberately tried to repress independent political or cultural organization in order to deal with the many slave rebellions or acts of resistance that took place in the southern United States, Brazil, Haiti, and the Dutch Guyanas. African cultures, slavery, slave rebellions, and the civil rights movements have shaped African-American religious, familial, political, and economic behaviors. The imprint of Africa is evident in myriad ways, in politics, worldview. In the United States, the legislation that denied slaves formal education was to contribute to them maintaining a strong oral tradition. In turn, African American culture has had a pervasive, transformative impact on many elements of the mainstream American culture. This process of mutual creative exchange is called, creolization. Over time, the culture of African slaves and their descendants existent in its impact on not only the dominant American culture, but on world culture as well. Slaveholders limited or prohibited education of enslaved African Americans because they feared it might empower their chattel and inspire or enable emancipator ambitions. Hence, African-based oral traditions became the primary means of reserving history, morals, and other cultural information among the people. This was consistent with the great practices of oral history in many African and other cultures that did not rely on the written word. Many of these cultural elements have been passed from generation to generation through storytelling. The folktales provided African Americans the opportunity to inspire and educate one another. Examples of African American folktales include trickster tales of Brer Rabbit and heroic tales such as that of John Henry. The Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris helped to bring African-American folk tales into mainstream adoption. Harris did not appreciate the complexity of the stories nor their potential for a lasting impact on society. The legacy of the African-American oral tradition manifests in diverse forms. African-American preachers tend to perform rather than simply speak. The emotion of the subject is carried through the speakers tone, volume, and movement, which tend to mirror the rising action, climax, and descending action of the sermon. Often song, dance, verse, and structured pauses are placed throughout the sermon. Call and response is another pervasive element of the African-American oral tradition. It manifests in worship in what is commonly referred to as the amen corner. In direct contrast to recent tradition in other American and Western cultures, it is an acceptable and common audience reaction to interrupt and affirm the speaker. This pattern of interaction is also in evidence in music, particularly in blues and Jazz forms. Hyperbolic and provocative, even incendiary, rhetoric is another aspect of African American oral tradition often evident in the pulpit in a tradition sometimes referred to as prophetic speech. The first major public recognition of African American culture occurred during the Harlem Renaissance. In the 1920s and 1930s, African American music, literature, and art gained wide notice. Authors such as Zora Neale Hurston and Nella Larsen and poets such as Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Countee Cullen wrote works describing the African American experience. Jazz, swing, blues and other musical forms entered American popular music. African American artists such as William H. Johnson and Palmer Hayden created unique works of art featuring African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance was also a time of increased political involvement for African Americans. Among the notable African American political movements founded in the early 20th century are the United Negro Improvement Association and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People. The Nation of Islam, a notable Islamic religious movement, also began in the early 1930s African American music is rooted in the typically polyrhythmic music of the ethnic groups of Africa, specifically those in the Western, encouraged the use of music to pass on history, teach lessons, ease suffering, and relay messages. The African pedigree of African American music is evident in some common elements: call and response, syncopation, percussion, improvisation, swung otes, blue notes, the use of falsetto, melisma, and complex multi-part harmony. During slavery, Africans in America blended traditional European hymns with African elements to create spirituals. Many African Americans sing Lift Every Voice and Sing in addition to the American national anthem, The Star-spangled Banner, or in lieu of it. Written by James Weldon Johnson and John Rosamond Johnson in 1900 to be performed for the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, the song was, and continues to be, a popular way for African Americans to recall past struggles and express ethnic olidarity, faith, and hope for the future. The song was adopted as the Negro National Anthem by the NAACP in 1919. Many African American children are taught the song at school, church or by their families. Lift Every Voice and Sing traditionally is sung immediately following, or instead of, The Star-spangled Banner at events hosted by African American churches, schools, and other organization African American literature has its roots in the oral traditions of African slaves in America. The slaves used stories and Fables in much the same way as they used music. These tories influenced the earliest African American writers and poets in the 18th century such as Phillis Wheatley and Olaudah Equiano. These authors reached early high points by telling slave narratives. During the early 20th century, Harlem Renaissance, numerous authors and poets, such as Langston Hughes, W. E. B. Du Bos, and Booker T. Washington, grappled with how to respond to discrimination in America. Authors during the Civil Rights era, such as Richard Wright, James Baldwin, and Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about issues of racial segregation, oppression, and other aspects of African American life. This tradition continues today with authors who have been accepted as an integral part of American literature, with works such as Roots: The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley, The Color Purple by Alice Walker, Beloved by Nobel Prize-winning Toni Morrison, and fiction works by Octavia Butler and Walter Mosley. Such works have achieved both best-selling and/or award-winning status. Generations of hardships imposed on the African American community created distinctive language patterns. Slave owners often intentionally mixed people who spoke different African languages to discourage communication in any language ther than English. This, combined with prohibitions against education, led to the development of pidgins, simplified mixtures of two or more languages that speakers of different languages could use to communicate. Examples of pidgins that became fully developed languages include Creole, common to Louisiana, and Gullah, common to the Sea Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. African American Vernacular English (AAVE) is a variety (dialect, ethnolect, and socialist) of the American English language closely associated with the speech of, but not exclusive to, African Americans. While AAVE is academically considered a legitimate dialect because of its logical structure, some of both whites and African Americans consider it slang or the result of a poor command of Standard American English. AAVE could also be used interchangeably with simply speaking with as southern accent as southern dialect was greatly influenced by Africans. Many African Americans who dialect. Inner city African American children who are isolated by speaking only AAVE sometimes have more difficulty with standardized testing and, after school, moving to the mainstream world for work. It is common for many speakers of AAVE to code switch between AAVE and Standard American English depending on the setting since the beginning of African civilization, hairstyles have been used to convey messages to greater society. As early as the 1 5th century, different styles could indicate a persons marital status, age, religion, ethnic identity, wealth and rank within the community. Unkempt hair in nearly every West African culture was considered unattractive to the opposite sex and a sign that one was dirty, had bad morals or was even insane. Hair maintenance in traditional Africa was aimed at reating a sense of beauty. A woman with long thick hair demonstrated the life force, the multiplying power of profusion, prosperity a green thumb for raising bountiful farms and many healthy children, wrote Sylvia Ardyn Boone, an anthropologist specializing in the Mende culture of Sierra Leone. In Yoruba culture, people braided their hair to send messages to the gods. The hair is the most elevated part of the body and was therefore considered a portal for spirits to pass through to the soul. Because of the cultural and spiritual importance of hair for Africans, the practice of aving their heads involuntarily shaved before being sold as slaves was in itself a dehumanizing act. The shaved head was the first step the Europeans took to erase the slaves culture and alter the relationship between the African and his or her hair. Hair Straighteners marketed by white companies suggest to blacks that only through changing physical features will persons of African descent be afforded class mobility within African American communities and social acceptance by the dominant culture. At the time, wig manufacturers were the only companies that advertised an African American standard of beauty. In Winold Reisss Brown Madonna, the Virgin Mother is shown with straight hair. Painted toward the beginning of the New Negro movement in 1925, the work showcased the sense of racial pride popular during the 1920s and 1930s. This classically white symbol of purity and virtue was created with dark skin, asserting the value and respectability of the Black race. This was a time when Blacks were creating their own successes in society and staking out a niche in the northern cities such as Chicago and Harlem. Part of their personal success at this time, however, was their perceived ability to assimilate, which is portrayed by mothers nnaturally straight hair. Painted lines seem to radiate from the mothers body, giving her an ethereal and heavenly affect. This type of fgure one with straight hair was revered by Blacks and posed as an example to follow. The Afro, which hit its stride in the 1960s, was an expression of pride, connection, power, revolution and differentiation. The Afro first gained popularity with performers, artists, activists, gang members, youth and nationalists. Some young people who did not adopt this trend were Judged disapprovingly and subject to blacker-than-thou policing by their peers. African Americans began to use their hair as a way to showcase a link to their African ancestors and Blacks throughout the Diaspora. The Afro, in conjunction with the Civil Rights movement, was helping to define black identity. Some artists used their actual hair as an expression of art. In David Hammonss American Costume, he pressed his own body onto paper to create an image of what being African American fingerprints to the paper, during the 1960s and 1970s it was not uncommon for Blacks to use chemicals to artificially kink their own hair if it was not big enough. Young Black Americans were forming their hair in great numbers as a way to mulate the style of the Black Panthers and convey their racial pride. Although the Afro started in New York, it was Angela Davis in Chicago, an associate of the Black Panther Party, who pioneered the Afro as a political statement. In embracing naturalism, she glorified the Black aesthetic and facilitated its power to connect Blacks in Civil Rights movements. Her Afro became especially notorious because of its presence in her Wanted ad, as it was her most prominent identifier. It became a way to celebrate African-ness and embrace heritage while politically rejecting European ideals. Men and women in Chicago and beyond wore it as a way to support a proud way of carrying oneself in the world and occupying space. African American women often find themselves under pressure to conform to European aesthetic norms. For most African Americans, the observance of life events follows the pattern of mainstream American culture. While African Americans and whites often lived to themselves for much of American history, both groups generally had the same perspective on American culture. There are some traditions that are unique to African Americans. Some African Americans have created new rites of passage that re linked to African traditions. Pre-teen and teenage boys and girls take classes to prepare them for adulthood. They are typically taught spirituality, responsibility, and leadership. Most of these programs are modeled after traditional African ceremonies, with the focus largely on embracing African ideologies rather than specific rituals. To this day, some African American couples choose to Jump the broom as a part of their wedding ceremony. Although the practice, which can be traced back to Ghana, it fell out of favor in the African American community after the end of slavery, it has xperienced a slight resurgence in recent years as some couples seek to reaffirm their African heritage African American neighborhoods are types of ethnic enclaves found in many cities in the United States. The formation of African American neighborhoods is closely linked to the history of segregation in the United States, either through formal laws, or as a product of social norms. Despite this, African American neighborhoods have played an important role in the development of nearly all aspects of both African American culture and broader American culture. Due to egregated conditions and widespread poverty, some African American neighborhoods in the United States have been called ghettos. The use of this term is controversial and, depending on the context, potentially offensive. Despite mainstream Americas use of the term ghetto to signify a poor urban area populated by ethnic minorities, those living in the area often used it to signify something positive. The African American ghettos did not always contain dilapidated houses and deteriorating projects, nor were all of its residents poverty-stricken. For many African Americans, the ghetto was home a place representing authentic lackness and a feeling, passion, or emotion derived from the rising above the struggle and suffering of being of African descent in America. Although African American neighborhoods may suffer from civic disinvestment, with lower quality schools, less effective policing, and fire protection, there are institutions such as and social capital of African American neighborhoods. In African American neighborhoods, the churches may be important sources of social cohesion. For some African Americans the kind spirituality learned through these churches works as a protective factor against the corrosive forces of racism.

Lectures Notes about the Reflective Report of L Oreal Company

Question: Describe about the Reflective Report of L Oreal Company? Answer: Introduction This reflective report is of LOreal Company. The aim of this research is to analyze the mission and objective of LOreal. This reflective report also consist of the finding which LOreal enact by leadership, organizational culture and different other strategies. I have explained briefly about LOreal history, sector of their work, structure which they are using for working and their history. For explaining about LOreal I have used information from LOreal annual report, companys website, and online brochures. The reflective report of LOreal consist of the analysis of their sustainability in relation to environment, society and the economics of company as well as nation. About the company The LOreal group is famous worldwide for their cosmetic and beauty products. The main focus sectors of LOreal are hair color and care, skin care, sun protection, make up, perfumes. The research and principle of the company is on beauty care of different age group for male and female both (Behance.net, 2015). LOreal has its research and development centres six worldwide which perform the research, innovation and development of different products. Approximately 28 international brands are attached with LOreal group. LOreal products are distributes in 130 countries worldwide. LOreal group is having their research and development section which is responsible for doing research regarding their products. LOreal have products available in market for every age group customers. The products of LOreal group are ethical and are made without harming environment. LOreal is a having a portfolio of international brands which are unique and famous worldwide. The brands which come under LOreal group are:- The Body Shop Essie Garnier Matrix Kerastase Mizani LOreal Paris Maybelline New York LOreal Professional Lancme Paris Biotherm Kiehls Giorgio Armani Redken Ralph Lauren Diesel and etc. Figure1: Target Group OF LOreal LOreal target group for their products are consumers products, professional products, luxury products. The targeted sectors or people for every group are different. Under consumer products come teenagers and women, professional products consumers are hair salons or the hair specialist shops (Charlier, Dejean Donnay, 2001). LOreal before developing any product do research and analyze the market requirement. LOreal develops their every product considering everyone. LOreal group before making changes in their old product do market research and then according to the market and there consumers requirement make changes. The mission of LOreal is as:- Mission- LOreal mission explanation as LOreal defines beauty as universal i.e. the researcher of LOreal consider everyone while creating any group (Costello, 2011). The products in development section of LOreal are created taking in consideration all the people of different age group and different professions. LOreal consider beauty as a language offered by the company to all women and men worldwide for the best products which they love using (Edwards, 2005). Beauty is explained as a science by LOreal which helps there product consumers to maintain their skin, hair (Egbeleke, 2014). By developing products as per the market and consumers requirement LOreal try to make innovation or changes in its product. The changes or any new product is created by the development team of the group taking into consideration the changes in consumers demand (Flouris Kucuk Yilmaz, 2011). LOreal also explains beauty as a commitment on the basic of diversity, richness and the complementarities of their brand portfolio (Fowler, 2014). Commitment means that the LOreal group is giving the best quality product to their consumers so that the always get positive result after using. The commitment of delivering best product to their consumer is more important rather than increasing their profit share. Findings and sustainability model of company The main policy on which LOreal group work is to provide their consumers best quality products without harming the nature and environment (Hast, 2007). The organizational culture is also responsible for sustainability development of LOreal. The products delivered by the company are worldwide, so the objective of developing any product should be done by taking into consideration the market and customers requirement (Yigitcanlar Dur, 2010). The sustainability of LOreal means the ability of the company required for achieving their present needs without sacrificing their future needs (Hayhow, 2011). The ability of LOreal Group for achieving their present needs which they decided without ignoring their future needs. Different sustainability model used by LOreal are:- 3-legged stool model 3-overlapping circle model 3-nested dependencies model 3 legged stool model- Stool has three legs and all three legs explain different factors which are important for a company to operate properly. This model explains the three main factors of the company i.e. Economic- The first leg of the model is used by LOreal to explain the economic condition of the nation in which company is situated. By the help of economy we explains the condition of jobs i.e. good or bad, fair wages to be given by company to their employees, security, infrastructure and the policy related to fair trade (Jacques Kepos, 2010).Operation of LOreal affect economy of the nation in positive and negative manner. If company is having profit then the nation economy will be positively affected but if company faces loss economy of nation will be negatively affected. Environmental- The company should operate without affecting the environment. LOreal group has to work according to the law of governments regarding environment and their operation. Environment factor is used to define the pollution done by the company while operation, waste, renewable energy and the conservation energy used by LOreal for production (Keitumetse, 2013). LOreal should always try to work as per the rules and regulation. The environment should never be disturbed or harmed by their production cycle. Social Social factor is defined by the third leg of the stool which explains working condition of the company, health services provided by company to their employees, education service or training service provided by company (Klein, 2010). The culture, community and the social factor of the company is also explained in this factor. Social factor consist of the society in which LOreal is working ie the surrounding people and the workforce. Figure 2: 3 legged sustainability model of LOreal 3 overlapping circle model- The overlapping circle model of LOreal is used to explain the sustainability of the company with intersection of economy, society and environment. Depending on company profit share among all these 3 factors the model is resized (Yigitcanlar Dur, 2010). Among economy, society and environment whose involvement in profit of the company is more will be shown with large circle. Companys economy exists independently and it is never mixed by society and environment of the company. But the needs of company can only be attained or fulfilled by considering all three factors together so that the future needs are not affected. This model of sustainability is used by LOreal to identify the level of sustainability in comparison of economy, society and environment. Figure 3: 3 Overlapping Circle Model of LOreal 3 Nested Dependencies Model- This model of sustainability is used to show the dependency of economy, society and environment on each other and on company. The society which LOreal discusses in this model is surrounding, people and the employees of the company (Willard, 2009). Society is depending on environment for goods and the services provided by them and likewise economy is related to society. Economy of the company is completely dependent on their society i.e. the employees and consumers. Figure4: 3 Nested Dependencies Model OF LOreal Company uses different model of sustainability to know there dependencies and relation among environment, society and economy (Sarcina, Consoli, Tomassini Cavicchiolo, 2011). Sustainability study is done to know the ability of the company for fulfilling their present needs by considering their future needs also. Sustainability model is useful in LOreal to determine the target and forecast the future target regarding sales, profit and etc. Analysis The sustainability by LOreal is explained as the ability of company for achieving their present needs by considering their future needs also. The sustainability requirement by LOreal can only be fulfilled with help of good leader. Leaders help their sub ordinates to work better for achieving their goals and objectives (Loreal-finance.com, 2015). Companys goals can only be achieved when every employee perform well and work in a group or team for a common goal. There are various groups present in LOreal who work for common goal but the decided target can only be achieved by group when leaders motivate them for working (Loreal.co.in, 2015). To define sustainability growth LOreal uses different model which describes their growth in relation to economy, society and environment in which they are working. Conclusion This reflective report is done on LOreal. LOreal is one of the best known worldwide brand for their beauty products (Sanford, 2011). The report is also having analysis of sustainability of LOreal and sustainability model used by the company in relation to economy, environment and society. The factors which affect the sustainability of the company are also discussed here. LOreal mission in relation to their sustainability is explained. There is a brief discussion on history of the company and there different brands which are present in worldwide market. References Behance.net,. (2015). Behance. Retrieved 26 February 2015, from https://www.behance.net/gallery/7620553/LOREAL-SS-2013-Brochure Charlier, E., Dejean, K., Donnay, J. (2001). To Accompany a School Project: A reflective analysis. Reflective Practice, 2(3), 331-344. doi:10.1080/14623940127339 Costello, P. (2011). Effective action research. London: Continuum. Edwards, A. (2005). The sustainability revolution. Gabriola, BC: New Society Publishers. Egbeleke, A. (2014). Strategic Corporate Responsibility and Sustainability Performance Management Model. Journal Of Management And Sustainability, 4(2). doi:10.5539/jms.v4n2p92 Flouris, T., Kucuk Yilmaz, A. (2011). Risk management and corporate sustainability in aviation. Burlington, Vt.: Ashgate. Fowler, K. (2014). Developing and Managing Embedded Systems and Products. Burlington: Elsevier Science. Hast, A. (2007). International directory of company histories. Chicago: St. James Press. Hayhow, J. (2011). Breaking Through the Barrier. Cork: BookBaby. Jacques, D., Kepos, P. (2010). International directory of company histories. Detroit, Mich.: St. James Press. Keitumetse, S. (2013). Cultural Resources as Sustainability Enablers: Towards a Community-Based Cultural Heritage Resources Management (COBACHREM) Model. Sustainability, 6(1), 70-85. doi:10.3390/su6010070 Klein, J. (2010). Creating interdisciplinary campus cultures. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass/Association of American Colleges and Universities. Loreal.co.in,. (2015). L'Oral India. Retrieved 26 February 2015, from https://www.loreal.co.in/ Loreal-finance.com,. (2015). L'Oral Finance : Annual Report 2013. Retrieved 26 February 2015, from https://www.loreal-finance.com/eng/annual-report Sanford, C. (2011). The responsible business. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Sarcina, R., Consoli, F., Tomassini, M., Cavicchiolo, E. (2011). The Reflect OR project: background to the special issue. Reflective Practice, 12(2), 151-158. doi:10.1080/14623943.2011.561527 Willard, B. (2009). The sustainability champion's guidebook. Gabriola Island, BC: New Society Publishers. Yigitcanlar, T., Dur, F. (2010). Developing a Sustainability Assessment Model: The Sustainable Infrastructure, Land-Use, Environment and Transport Model. Sustainability, 2(1), 321-340. doi:10.3390/su2010321 Yigitcanlar, T., Dur, F. (2010). Developing a Sustainability Assessment Model: The Sustainable Infrastructure, Land-Use, Environment and Transport Model. Sustainability, 2(1), 321-340. doi:10.3390/su2010321

The Space Shuttle Challenger an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

The Space Shuttle Challenger by Expert Tutor Maya | 29 Nov 2016 The Space Shuttle Challenger and Columbia Accidents It has been claimed that the engineers were to blame for both the Challenger and Columbia Space Shuttle accidents and we shall, therefore, look into the failure on the part of management and the extent to which they are responsible for the failures of the two missions. Need essay sample on "The Space Shuttle Challenger" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed People Often Tell EssayLab support: I'm not in the mood to write my paper. Because I want to spend time with my family Professional writers suggest: Multitasking Essay Helper Space programs have enormous implications, pressure and expectations as regards the result as in countries like America the whole is usually watching. This paper I will argue that the decision-making power on whether to launch or not should be made by the engineers and not the management as they are in a better position to establish whether a space shuttle can be launched without the risk of accidents. As per the investigations that have been carried out into the causes of both the Challenger and Columbia disaster the management was found to have played a role in the disaster. The NASA management in the case of the Space Shuttle Challenger was found to have ignored safety concerns raised by the engineers. Therefore it is, therefore, safe to say that if the management had paid attention to the concern raised by the engineers the accident would not have taken place. The Space Shuttle Columbia disaster was attributed to structural flaws though in almost all previous missions a foam insulator had broken off but had not caused any significant amount of damage. However, in this particular case, the chief thermal protection system engineer and other engineers raised concern but the managers did not respond. The Space Shuttle Challenger burst into flames just 73 seconds after launch from Cape Canaveral, Florida, killing all seven crew on board. This was caused by the failure of the O-ring in the right Solid Rocket Booster at liftoff. The O-ring is a rubber ring which seals the joint around the connection point between the Solid Rocket Booster (SRB) and the Hydrogen tank. The failure of the O-ring was attributed to low temperatures, close to 31F (1C), at the launch which was below the minimum temperature permitted for launch. The engineers at Morton Thiokol, the contractor responsible for the construction and maintenance of the shuttles SRBs, had raised concern that the temperature would affect the resilience of the rubber O-rings and that they did not the data necessary to establish whether the joint would seal properly. This was discussed by the engineers and managers at Morton Thiokol, NASA managers from the Kennedy Space Center and those from the Marshall Space Flight Center. The concerns were not heeded by the Morton Thiokol management who recommended that the launch proceeds as scheduled. NASAs managers pressured the Morton Thiokol management by requiring them to prove that the launch was unsafe rather than prove it was safe and since they were unable to prove that the launch would unsafe their concern and recommendation was totally disregarded. The launch proceeded as planned and barely 2 minutes into the flight, the Challenger burst into flame killing all the seven crew onboard. Subsequent investigation revealed that the O-rings were responsible for the tragedy and further investigation revealed that the failure was caused by the failure of the O-rings to seal the joint between the SRBs. This, therefore, points to a breach of engineering ethics and negligence on the part of the management both at NASA and at Morton Thiokol, and thus they were entire to blame for the tragedy. The Space Shuttle Columbia burst into flames during its re-entry into the earths atmosphere only 16 minutes before it was scheduled to land at CAPE CANAVERAL, Florida. This was attributed to the damage caused when a piece of foam insulation broke off the Space Shuttle external tank and struck the left wing during liftoff. The foam piece is said to have struck the leading edge of the left wing which damaged the Shuttles Thermal Protection system (TPS) which shields the Shuttle from the extreme heat generated as a result of friction between the Shuttle and the earths atmosphere during re-entry. The NASA manager back on earth downplayed the extent of the damage caused by the insulation foam and went on to make a statement that it was not a safety threat, they even declined to request from other agencies claiming that nothing could be done. This notwithstanding the engineers should have gone on and taken the images they required to establish whether This was an outright poor management decision by Lind Ham, head of the Space Shuttle Managers, as she declined several requests made by NASA engineers for high-resolution images of the left wing to be taken to establish the exact extent of the damage. The managers also rejected the idea to have an image of the shuttle's left wing taken before re-entry. This was attributed to the managers low level of concern and their one minded decision to have the mission continue, this made the engineers found themselves in a position similar that of those responsible for the Challenger in that they were required to prove that the situation was unsafe rather the norm which was to prove that the situation was safe. Therefore though this tragedy was mostly attributed to structural flaws the management could not be let off the hook as they had to try and come up with a solution. The problem, in this case, is that though the engineers tried to do something nothing could be done as the final decision was reserved to the Space Shuttle Program management. Decision-making on whether a shuttle should be launched or not should be made by the engineers and not the management. It was evidence in the case of the Challenger whereby the decision making was left to the management who in trying to comply with their launch schedule disregarded the safety concerns raised by the engineers both at NASA and at Morton Thiokol. The management can be said to have been driven by the fear of having any more delays as this would make them look incompetent and they were, therefore, afraid that they would lose funding which they received from the government. The NASA management was fully briefed of the danger that was posed by proceeding with the launch in those kinds of temperatures. They were even part of the group, include engineers from the Kennedy Space Center and Marshall Space Flight Center, that discussed what would be the outcome if the shuttle was launched in such conditions to which the engineers responded that they did not have enough information to determine whether the O-ring would seal the SRB joint properly. This should serve as enough evidence that such kind of decision should not be left to people who do not have the safety concerns of their colleagues as the top priority no matter the stake. It should be noted that where an engineer(s) raise concern, the mission should not go any further until those concerns have been addressed and there is no other concern or doubt on the performance of any of the equipment on the shuttle(s). The managers also find themselves in very difficult situations as in most situations they are under pressure to deliver in the provided time failure to which they will be assumed to be incompetent and not capable of delivery. The Space Exploration program is considered to be a symbol of Americas intellectual power and also serves as a show of its might and it is used as a way to remind the rest of the world that America is still the most developed country in all facets. Therefore in cases where the managers are under tremendous amounts of pressure, they tend to downplay small hitches which involve overlooking engineering ethics and order the continuation of the mission so that they can come out as being able to deliver this acts as a boost when they seek funding (Charles, 2008). Therefore as per the evidence that was tendered in investigation into both the Columbia and Challenger disasters the decision to launch should be an engineering decision and not a managerial decision as in the case studies above the management disregarded very credible concerns by the management which if heeded even if not in the Columbia case would have prevented the disaster. Reference Charles, B. (2008). Engineering Ethics. New Jersey : Pearson/Prentice Hall "Major Malfunction." Space Shuttle Challenger Springer Praxis Books, pp. 231272. doi:10.1007/978-0-387-49679-5_6. Space Shuttle Challenger. Place of Publication Not Identified, Book On Demand, 2012. "Space Shuttle Challenger." Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Challenger.

DNA

DNA DNADeoxyribonucleic acid and ribonucleic acid are two chemical substances involved in transmitting geneticinformation from parent to offspring. It was known early into the 20th century that chromosomes, the geneticmaterial of cells, contained DNA. In 1944, Oswald T. Avery, Colin M. MacLeod, and Maclyn McCartyconcluded that DNA was the basic genetic component of chromosomes. Later, RNA would be proven toregulate protein synthesis. (Miller, 139)DNA is the genetic material found in most viruses and in all cellular organisms. Some viruses do not haveDNA, but contain RNA instead. Depending on the organism, most DNA is found within a single chromosomelike bacteria, or in several chromosomes like most other living things. (Heath, 110) DNA can also be foundoutside of chromosomes. It can be found in cell organelles such as plasmids in bacteria, also in chloroplasts inplants, and mitochondria in plants and animals.All DNA molecules contain a set of linked units called nucleotides.English: Cart oon representation of T7 RNA Polymera...Each nucleotide is composed of threethings. The first is a sugar called deoxyribose. Attached to one end of the sugar is a phosphate group, and atthe other is one of several nitrogenous bases. DNA contains four nitrogenous bases. The first two, adenine andguanine, are double-ringed purine compounds. The others, cytosine and thymine, are single-ringed pyrimidinecompounds. (Miller, 141) Four types of DNA nucleotides can be formed, depending on which nitrogenousbase is involved.The phosphate group of each nucleotide bonds with a carbon from the deoxyribose. This forms what is calleda polynucleotide chain. James D. Watson and Francis Crick proved that most DNA consists of twopolynucleotide chains that are twisted together into a coil, forming a double helix. Watson and Crick alsodiscovered that in a double helix, the pairing between bases of the two chains...

Writing and Reporting News, page 244-245, exercise 3 Assignment

Writing and Reporting News, page 244-245, exercise 3 - Assignment Example In order to enhance this protection, the website is already making profile designs for the members at the age of 14- 17 years. An FBI agent, Clerk Hershberger, said that this private protection mechanism cannot be safe with the children. Hershberger says that even though the website is making the efforts to increase security, the implementation is still difficult. The directors have continued defending their website security efforts by saying that they are developing technology that will help parents keep off their children from the website. This will be enhanced by the parents adding their children’s addresses, and then the website would block them. In July, according to the MySpace directors, 30,000 profiles of sexual predators had been deleted from the website. Drinkwater, the Alaska’s assistant attorney general says that MySpace needs to be commended in its efforts. She also commends the progress of MySpace in cracking down the registered sex offenders in the website. Drinkwater says that MySpace has agreed in verifying the identity online in order to analyze the programs and technological answers. She says that MySpace will make sure that those who register present their real

See Below Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 13

See Below - Essay Example ood chainsbecause of the monotonous way of performing the same tasks.McDonald food chains havefood recipes with known ingredients and every employee knows those recipes, therefore, each employee is assigned a different task along the food processing line in a sequential manner. For instance, let us take a look at making a mangojuice. Every day, one employee will be unloading mangoes from the truck to the kitchen, another employee will be washing the mangoes, another employee will be cutting the mangoes into small pieces, and another employee will be blending the mangoes to make mango juice. While we can see scientific management improves productivity in this mango juice making process there is also monotony in the process, however, it gets the job done fast and in a simple way. Unlike scientific management theory, classic organization theory being a merger of scientific management, bureaucratic theory and administrative theory, itis widely used in businesses with more emphasis on management with clear line of authorities and hierarchy. For instance, the government of the United States may want to pass a bill about women’s rights in the society, however, because of authority, the house will first pass the bill then the president being the highest authority will sign it into law (Taylor 11) Therefore, we can draw conclusions that both classic organization and scientific management are relevant today, however, it depends on which business you are looking at. If it entails repetitive tasks, then scientific management is the best approach, however if it entails management with authority and hierarchy them classic organization is the best

Professional engineer and micro - electronics Assignment

Professional engineer and micro - electronics - Assignment Example Some of these factors can be controlled by an automated control system designed for a greenhouse as they are some of the main physical factors affecting plant growth and development. Introduction The project aims at controlling the amount of sunlight falling on the leaves thereby controlling the rate of photosynthesis and respiration. The greenhouse system controls the temperature so as not to exceed 500 C a value beyond which enzymes responsible for photosynthesis are denatured. The rate of photosynthesis depends on light intensity and increases with an increase in light intensity during the day. Light intensity can be controlled during the day the purpose of which is the development of the project. During the night it would be impossible to control light intensity if plants are grown outside the greenhouse while inside this is achieved by controlling the lamps. Keeping photosynthesis rates high at night will cause the plants to grow weak and it is advised to only control this rate during the day. Sometimes atmospheric temperatures drop below the optimum values thereby reducing the rates of plant respiration and photosynthesis. This means that the yield would be lower than if the plants are kept at optimum environmental conditions. During photosynthesis plants absorb carbon dioxide(CO2) and water(H2O) from the atmosphere and use light energy to produce glucose stored as glycogen and oxygen is produced as a by product. This occurs mainly at night. The processes above depend on enzymes for catalysis and the enzymes require certain temperature conditions in order to operate. At high temperatures(around 450 C and above) these enzymes will be destroyed. Such is the need to control the temperatures within the greenhouse. From the foregoing discussion the importance of water and light are observed to be very critical to the process and therefore must be regulated. Most greenhouses employ expensive automation designs beyond the reach of most farmers especially those e ngaging in small scale farming. Also most of these greenhouses are built using complex features that might not suit people with limited technical know how on operating such systems beside increasing their cost. This design is comparatively cheap and is aimed at eliminating the aforementioned problems. Individuals wishing to engage in small scale farming such as gardening in their back yards can use this system with great efficiency and maximum yield rate. Furthermore, problems such as forgetting to water the plants need not to worry a person employing this system as this is automatically controlled. This system can be utilized in small areas as well as in larger areas where mass agricultural activities are required. The system is power efficient as a microchip consumes very little power and therefore the cost of electricity is not very high (Nof 2009). The discussion below entails the description of the system (literature review), connection of the system blocks(interfacing), specif ications of the hardware used, an assembly language program flow chart, the practical aspects and potential implementation issues in the design and a brief discussion and summary. Literature review The prototype uses a PIC16F88 micro-controller as the the main processing unit. Its inputs are generated from LM35 temperature sensor, Light Dependent Resistor and soil moisture sensor using a

Analysing The Women Rights In Egypt Sociology Essay

Analysing The Women Rights In Egypt Sociology Essay The term womens right refers to freedoms and entitlements of women and girls of all ages. These rights may or may not be institutionalized, ignored or suppressed by law, local custom, and behavior in a particular society. These liberties are grouped together and differentiated from broader notions of human rights because they often differ from the freedoms inherently possessed by or recognized for men and boys and because activists for this issue claim an inherent historical and traditional bias against the exercise of rights by women and girls. Issues commonly associated with notions of womens rights include, though are not limited to, the right: to bodily integrity and autonomy; to vote (suffrage); to hold public office; to work; to fair wages or equal pay; to own property; to education; to serve in the military or be conscripted; to enter into legal contracts; and to have marital, parental and religious rights. Women and their supporters have campaigned and in some places continue to campaign for the same rights as men. Women in ancient Egyptian: In ancient Egypt, womens rights reached a level that has rarely been equaled in any civilization right up to modern times. This was unusual in the ancient world and led to condemnation from neighboring states. Rather than being seen as the weaker sex, women were often portrayed as being just as violence as men.   Queens are shown crushing their enemies; executing prisoners and firing arrows at male opponents in battle. Women were also treated the same under criminal law and would suffer the same punishments as men for their crimes, including being executed if convicted of a capital offence.   However if it was found the offender was pregnant then her execution was delayed until after the birth. Although most official posts were given to men, women were known to hold high office.   There were female overseers, governors and judges and at least one, Queen Hetepheres II, ran the civil service.   Two women were given the role of vizier (prime minister), the highest administrative position and six even achieved the title of pharaoh. Women from poorer families were also free to find work and were often employed in traditional female roles such as maids, nannies and midwives.   According to Joseph Perkins of Minnesota State University, some are known to have started small businesses out of their homes often considerably increasing the family income through making and selling products such as linen or perfume.   Professional opportunities were also available to some women, such as director of dance and even physicians.   Female doctors are known to have been skilled enough to perform caesarean sections and to surgically remove cancerous breasts. The suffrage awarded to women allowed them to enjoy a high level of financial freedom.   Possessions, property and debt acquired by a woman through labour or inheritance was seen as separate from her husband and if she became a widow, she was entitled to inherit one third of the property they jointly owned, with the rest divided between the late husbands children and siblings. Despite their freedoms, Egyptian women were most commonly bestowed with the title of Lady of the House and were expected to run the home and bear children.   For poorer families, large numbers of offspring were necessary to provide extra sources of labour and income but for the wealthy few.   With both male and female servants to tend to daily chores and child rearing, richer women spent much of their time in leisure pursuits like listening to music, taking care of their pets, playing board games, eating good food and drinking fine wines. It is as mothers, sisters, wives and daughters to pharaohs, that royal women were most influential to the state.  Pharaohs also had a host of minor wives, who often were able to wield some influence and as succession did not necessarily go to the eldest son, they had the opportunity to become mother to a pharaoh. Pharaohs would often have a host of women known as Ornaments of the King who were chosen for their beauty and employed to entertain with singing and dancing.   Although this seems more in keeping with treatment of women elsewhere, in Egypt, they were important participants in court life and were active in royal functions, state events and religious ceremonies. Women often played a key role in the priesthood with royal women holding the title Gods Wife, a position of great political significance second only to the pharaoh, for whom they sometimes stood in.   Female priestesses also played a significant role in the religious life of ancient Egypt, participating alongside men in rituals, earning a living as professional mourners and sometimes acting as funerary priests. As warriors, intellectuals, priestesses, political figures and even rulers, the women of ancient Egypt enjoyed a large degree of suffrage.   Many had the opportunity to advance themselves to an extent that was not achieved again until the twentieth century and a financial equality that many women still fight for to this day. Women in Egypt now a day: Rural and lower-class Egyptians generally believed that women were related to men. Women were expected to be under control of male relatives, to avoid contact with men who were not from the family, and to veil themselves in public. As children women learned to accept dependency on their fathers and older brothers. After marriage women expected their husbands to make all decisions. Early married life could be a time of extreme subordination and insecurity. The new wife usually lived with or near her husbands family and was expected to help her mother-in-law in the house. A young wife was under pressure from her husband and his family until she gets pregnant. Barrenness was a womans worst possible misfortune, and not giving birth to a son was almost as bad. Women who had only daughters were called mothers of brides. Most families continued having children until they had at least one son. As the womans gets married, and her sons matured, her position in the family grew more secure. The sexual behavior and reputation of the women of a line age were the most important components of a familys honor. A bad reputation for one woman meant a bad reputation for the whole line age. Honor was essential to social life; without it even a minimal social standing in the community was impossible. Men were especially interested in maintaining honor. Women were always on their best behavior around men from other families because they were afraid of getting a bad reputation. A bad reputation could disgrace the men of her family. A disgraced husband could restore his status, however, through divorce. Most disgraced fathers and brothers in rural and lower-class urban families, however, believed that honor could only be restored by killing the daughter or sister suspected of sexual misconduct. Family members who murdered the women were prepared to accept legal penalties for their actions. Women have traditionally been preoccupied with household tasks and child rearing and have rarely had opportunities for contact with men outside the family. But since the 1952 Revolution, social changes, especially in education, have caused many women to spend time in public places among men who were not related to them. To limit womens contact with these men, practices such as veiling and gender segregation at schools, work, and recreation have become commonplace. Furthermore, lower-class families, especially in Upper Egypt, have tended to withdraw girls from school as they reached puberty to minimize their interaction with men. Lower-class men frequently preferred marriage to women who had been secluded rather than to those who had worked or attended secondary school. Egypts laws pertaining to marriage and divorce favored the social position of men. Muslim husbands were traditionally allowed to have up to four wives at a time in accordance with Islamic religious custom, but a woman could have only one husband at a time. A Muslim man could divorce his wife with ease by saying I divorce thee on three separate occasions in the presence of witnesses. A woman wishing to dissolve a marriage had to instigate legal proceedings and prove to a court that her husband had failed to support her or that his behavior was having a harmful moral effect on the family. The laws required men to support their ex-wives for only one year after a divorce, and the fathers gained custody of the children. A man faced few or no penalties if he refused to provide equal support to his wives or if he refused to pay alimony to his divorced wife. Divorce was much more difficult for Copts than it was for Muslims. Common law regulated the marriages and divorces of Copts. A new law reversed many of the rights accorded to women in 1979. A woman lost her automatic right to divorce her husband if he married a second wife. She could still petition a court to consider her case, but a judge would grant a divorce only if it were in the interests of the family. If a divorce were granted, the judge would also determine what an appropriate residence was for the divorced woman and her children. Since the early 1970s, womens status has been changing, mostly because an increasing number of women have joined the nonagricultural workforce. According to government estimates, the number of working women doubled from 500,000 to 1 million between 1978 and 1980. By 1982 women accounted for 14 percent of all wage-earning and salaried employees throughout the country. Although substantial numbers of women were in the professions, particularly education, engineering, and medicine, most women held low-paying jobs in factories, offices, and service industries. Half of all employed women held jobs such as street cleaners, janitors, hotel and domestic servants, and hospital aides. In 1990 women accounted for more than 12 percent of all industrial workers; most female factory workers were in textiles, food processing, and pharmaceuticals. Strategy and Proposal 1-Reasons for choosing the topic: My main reason for choosing this topic to be my documentary because a lot of people didnt know what is the women right and how the women in the ancient Egyptians having a very high position were and was much honored at that time. Today a lot of men are knowing that women having all their rights and even more than they deserve. In addition, this documentary will be exposing the different between the women in ancient Egyptian which she was having all her rights and even more, and the women now a day in Egypt which she suffering and fight to get her minimum rights in living a good life. Women were having their rights in the old ancient Egyptian era from 7000 years ago but now in the post modernity era the women still fighting and suffering to get their right. If we compare us to other Arab countries, we are behind. Other countries are going forward like in Yemen has judges, Sudan has judges; the general prosecutor in Syria is a woman. For that reason its important to discuss this topic to let all people from men women and teenagers know the rights for women and what could she do to asking for her rights. 2-Message of the documentary: The main message from this documentary is to raise awareness of men about the women right to know how to treat them and may be trying to help women to get their rights. Also, to raise awareness of women and girls because they should know their rights which Qassem Amen and Huda Saharawi fight to gutted for them. Also, to know that women rights were settled from the great ancient Egyptian era not only when Qassem Amen wrote about it, in ancient Egyptian era women were having their all rights so all women and girls should take them their leaders and do like them or try to be like them and get their rights. 3-Target audience: The main target audience related to this documentary is women , ages from 25 to 45who suffering from being treated badly or didnt get their rights that they deserves. The young girls, ages from 18 to 24, who are not knowing their history or their rights and they going to graduated and starting their carrier life. They should decide what they want to be like their great ancient Egyptian women or give up and dont get their rights. Also, men, ages from 25 to 45, they should know what women right is and to know how to treat women. 4-Expected interviews: Random peoples opinion about women rights to know what they know about it. People who are working in women rights to help us to know more about what women right is. Egyptian writer wrote about women right in ancient Egyptian era to elaborate how they got their rights. Interview with Mona Helmy an Egyptian journalist who wrote a lot of articles about women write now a day. 5-shooting places: Shots for women infront of courts trying to get their rights. Shots for Doctor Mona Helmy in her office. Shots for seminars about women rights. Shots for people in the streets. 6-Sequence of the documentary: The documentary will start by showing some footages for ancient Egyptian women queens and gods Then some other footage for women in Egypt suffering infront of courts trying to get their rights. Then an Egyptology will talk about how the women in ancient Egyptian getting their rights Then the documentary will then proceed giving peoples opinion about women rights now a day. Then the Egyptian Dr Mona Helmy will discuss the women rights now a day. Finally, will telling the people how to try learning from our Egyptian civilization and let the women get their minimum rights. 7-Visual list: The documentary will include some footages of 8-Question of the documentary: Random people in the street: What did you know about women rights? Do you know any thing about women rights in ancient Egyptian era? Did you think women take all her rights? Do you think women could be a judge or not and why? Random women infront of court: What is your case? Did the low help you in getting your right quickly? Did you think you have all your rights? Dr.Mona Helmy: What is your opinion about women today in Egypt? Did she get all her wrights? Did your article about women rights do something for women? In your opinion, what should the Egyptian women do to get all her rights? 9-Script of the documentary: video audio Situation Analysis 1-Background of the topic: Women in ancient Egyptian: An exception to most other ancient societies, Egyptian women achieved parity with Egyptian men. They enjoyed the same legal and economic rights, at least in theory, and this concept can be found in Egyptian art and contemporary manuscripts. The disparities between peoples legal rights were based on differences in social class and not on gender. Legal and economic rights were afforded to both men and women. Egyptian womens rights extended to all legally defined areas of Egyptian civilization. Women could manage, own, and sell private property, which included slaves, land, portable goods, servants, livestock, and money. Women could resolve legal settlements. Women could conclude any kind of legal settlement. Women could appear as a contracting partner in a marriage contract or a divorce contract; they could execute testaments; they could free slaves; women could make adoptions. Women were entitled to sue at law. This amount of freedom was at variance with that of the Greek women who required a designated male, called a kourios, to represent or stand for her in all legal contracts and proceedings. This male was her husband, father or brother. An Egyptian woman could acquire possessions in many ways. She could receive it as gifts or as an inheritance from her parents or husband. Or she could receive it from purchases with goods which she earned either through employment, or which she borrowed. A woman had claims to up to one-third of all the community property in her marriage. Womens legal rights: The Egyptian womans rights extended to all the legally defined areas of society. From the bulk of the legal documents, we know that women could manage and dispose of private property, including: land, portable goods, servants, slaves, livestock, and money (when it existed), as well as financial instruments (i.e., endowments and annuities). A woman could administer all her property independently and according to her free will. She could conclude any kind of legal settlement. She could appear as a contracting partner in a marriage contract or a divorce contract; she could execute testaments; she could free slaves; she could make adoptions. She was entitled to sue at law. It is highly significant that a woman in Egypt could do all of the above and initiate litigation in court freely without the need of a male representative. This amount of freedom was at variance with that of the Greek woman who required a designated male, called a kourios, to represent or stand for her in all legal con tracts and proceedings. This male was her husband, father or brother. Womens property rights: There were several ways for an Egyptian woman to acquire possessions and real property. Most frequently, she received it as gifts or as an inheritance from her parents or husband, or else, she received it through purchaseswith goods which she earned either through employment, or which she borrowed. Under Egyptian property law, a woman had claim to one-third of all the community property in her marriage, i.e. the property which accrued to her husband and her only after they were married. When a woman brought her own private property to a marriage (e.g., as a dowry), this apparently remained hers, although the husband often had the free use of it. However, in the event of divorce her property had to be returned to her, in addition to any divorce settlement that might be stipulated in the original marriage contract. A wife was entitled to inherit one-third of that community property on the death of her husband, while the other two-thirds was divided among the children, followed up by the brothers and sisters of the deceased. To circumvent this possibility and to enable life to receive either a larger part of the share, or to allow her to dispose of all the property, a husband could do several things: 1) In the Middle Kingdom, he could draw up an imyt-pr, a house document, which was a legal unilateral deed for donating property. As a living will, it was made and perhaps executed while the husband was still alive. In this will, the husband would assign to his wife what he wished of his own private property, i.e., what he acquired before his marriage. An example of this is the imyt-pr of Wah from el-Lahun. 2) If there were no children, and the husband did not wish his brothers and sisters to receive two-thirds of the community property, he could legally adopt his wife as his child and heir and bequeath all the property to her. Even if he had other children, he could still adopt his wife, so that, as his one of his legal offspring, she would receive some of the two-thirds share, in addition to her normal one-third share of the community property. A woman was free to bequeath property from her husband to her children or even to her own brothers and sisters (unless there was some stipulation against such in her husbands will). One papyrus tells us how a childless woman, who after she inherited her husbands estate, raised the three illegitimate children who were born to him and their female household slave (such liaisons were fairly common in the Egyptian household and seem to have borne no social stigma). She then married the eldest illegitimate step-daughter to her younger brother, whom she adopted as her son, that they might receive the entire inheritance. A woman could also freely disinherit children of her private property, i.e., the property she brought to her marriage or her share of the community property. She could selectively bequeath that property to certain children and not to others. Such action is recorded in the Will of Naunakht. Women in contracts: Women in Egypt were consistently concluding contracts, including: marriage and divorce settlements, engagements of wet-nurses, purchases of property, even arrangements for self-enslavement. Self-enslavement in Egypt was actually a form of indentured servitude. Although self-enslavement appears to have been illegal in Egypt, it was practiced by both men and women. To get around the illegality, the servitude was stipulated only for a limited number of years, although it was usually said to be 99 years. Under self-enslavement, women often technically received a salary for their labor. Two reasons for which a woman might be forced into such an arrangement are: (1) as payment to a creditor to satisfy bad debts; (2) to be assured of ones provisions and financial security, for which a person might even pay a monthly fee, as though they were receiving a service. However, this fee would equal the salary that the provider had to pay for her labor; thus, no money would be exchanged. Since this service was a legal institution, then a contract was drawn up stipulating the conditions and the responsibilities of the involved parties. In executing such an arrangement, a woman could also include her children and grandchildren, alive or unborn. One such contract of a woman who bound herself to the temple of Saknebtynis states: The female servant (so so) has said before my master, Saknebtynis, the great god, I am your servant, together with my children and my childrens children. I shall not be free in your precinct forever and ever. You will protect me; you will keep me safe; you will guard me. You will keep me sound; you will protect me from every demon, and I will pay you 1-1/4 kita of copper . . . until the completion of 99 years, and I will give it to your priests monthly. If such women married male slaves, the status of their children depended on the provisions of their contracts with their owners. Women before the bar: Egyptian women had the right to bring lawsuits against anyone in open court, and there was no gender-based bias against them, and we have many cases of women winning their claims. A good example of this fact is found in the Inscription of Mes. This inscription is the actual court record of a long and drawn- out private land dispute which occurred in the New Kingdom. Significantly, the inscription shows usfour things: (1) women could manage property, and they could inherit trusteeship of property; (2) women could institute litigation (and appeal to the court of the vizier); (3) women were awarded legal decisions (and had decisions reversed on appeal); (4) women acted as witnesses before a court of law. However, based upon the Hermopolis Law Code of the third century B.C., the freedom of women to share easily with their male relatives in the inheritance of landed property was perhaps restricted somewhat. According to the provisions of theHermopolis Law Code, where an executor existed, the estate of the deceased was divided up into a number of parcels equal to the number of children of the deceased, both alive and dead. Thereafter, each male child (or that childs heirs), in order of birth, took his pick of the parcels. Only when the males were finished choosing, were the female children permitted to choose their parcels (in chronological order). The male executor was permitted to claim for himself parcels of any children and heirs who predeceased the father without issue. Female executors were designated when there were no sons to function as such. However, the code is specific thatunlike male executorsthey could not claim the parcels of any dead children. Still, it is not appropriate to compare the provisions of the Hermopolis Law Code to the Inscription of Mes, since the latter pertains to the inheritance of an office, i.e., a trusteeship of land, and not to the land itself. Indeed, the system of dividing the estate described in the l aw codeor something similar to it- -might have existed at least as early as the New Kingdom, since the Instructions of Any contains the passage, Do not say, My grandfather has a house. An enduring house, it is called (i.e., dont brag of any future inheritance), for when you take your share with your brothers, your portion may only be a storehouse. Female literacy: It is uncertain, generally, how literate the Egyptian woman was in any period. Baines and Eyre suggest very low figures for the percentage of the literate in the Egypt population, i.e., only about 1% in the Old Kingdom (i.e., 1 in 20 or 30 males). Other Egyptologists would dispute these estimates, seeing instead an amount at about 5-10% of the population. In any event, it is certain that the rate of literacy of Egyptian women was well behind that of men from the Old Kingdom through the Late Period. Lower class women, certainly were illiterate; middle class women and the wives of professional men, perhaps less so. The upper class probably had a higher rate of literate women. In the Old and Middle Kingdoms, middle and upper class women are occasionally found in the textual and archaeological record with administrative titles that are indicative of a literate ability. In the New Kingdom the frequency at which these titles occur declines significantly, suggesting an erosion in the rate of female literacy at that time (let alone the freedom to engage in an occupation). However, in a small number of tomb representations of the New Kingdom, certain noblewomen are associated with scribal palettes, suggesting a literate ability. Women are also recorded as the senders and recipients of a small number of letters in Egypt (5 out of 353). However, in these cases we cannot be certain that they personally penned or read these letters, rather than employed the services of professional scribes. Many royal princesses at court had private tutors, and most likely, these tutors taught them to read and write. Royal women of the Eighteenth Dynasty probably were regularly trained, since many were functioning leaders. Since royal princesses would have been educated, it then seems likely that the daughters of the royal courtiers were similarly educated. In the inscriptions, we occasionally do find titles of female scribes among the middle class from the Middle Kingdom on, especially after the Twenty- sixth Dynasty, when the rate of literacy increased throughout the country. The only example of a female physician in Egypt occurs in the Old Kingdom. Scribal instruction was a necessary first step toward medical training. Women in public: The Egyptian woman in general was free to go about in public; she worked out in the fields and in estate workshops. Certainly, she did not wear a veil, which is first documented among the ancient Assyrians (perhaps reflecting a tradition of the ancient semitic- speaking people of the Syrian and Arabian Deserts). However, it was perhaps unsafe for an Egyptian woman to venture far from her town alone. Ramesses III boasts in one inscription, I enabled the woman of Egypt to go her own way, her journeys being extended where she wanted, without any person assaulting her on the road. A different view of the traveling women is found in the Instructions of Any, Be on your guard against a woman from abroad, who is not known in town, do not have sex with her. So by custom, there might have been a reputation of impiousness or looseness associated with a woman traveling alone in Egypt. Despite the legal freedom of women to travel about, folk custom or tradition may have discouraged that. So, e.g., earlier in the Old Kingdom, Ptahhotep would write, If you desire to make a friendship last in a house to which you have access to its master as a brother or friend in any place where you might enter, beware of approaching the women. It does not go well with a place where that is done. However, the theme of this passage might actually refer to violating personal trust and not the accessibility of women, per se. However, mores and values apparently changed by the New Kingdom. The love poetry of that era, as well as certain letters, are quite frank about the public accessibility and freedom of women. Womens occupations : In general, the work of the upper and middle class woman was limited to the home and the family. This was not due to an inferior legal status, but was probably a consequence of her customary role as mother and bearer of children, as well as the public role of the Egyptian husbands and sons who functioned as the executors of the mortuary cults of their deceased parents. It was the traditional role of the good son to bury his parents, support their funerary cult, to bring offerings regularly to the tombs, and to recite the offering formula. Because women are not regularly depicted doing this in Egyptian art, they probably did not often assume this role. When a man died without a surviving son to preserve his name and present offerings, then it was his brother who was often depicted in the art doing so. Perhaps because it was the males who were regularly entrusted with this important religious task, that they held the primary position in public life. As far as occupations go, in the textual sources upper class woman are occasionally described as holding an office, and thus they might have executed real jobs. Clearly, though, this phenomenon was more prevalent in the Old Kingdom than in later periods (perhaps due to the lower population at that time). In Wentes publication of Egyptian letters, he notes that of 353 letters known from Egypt, only 13 provide evidence of women functioning with varying degrees of administrative authority. On of the most exalted administrative titles of any woman who was not a queen was held by a non-royal women named Nebet during the Sixth Dynasty, who was entitled, Vizier, Judge and Magistrate. She was the wife of the nomarch of Coptos and grandmother of King Pepi I. However, it is possible that the title was merely honorific and granted to her posthumously. Through the length of Egyptian history, we see many titles of women which seem to reflect real administrative authority, including one woman entitled, Second Prophet (i.e. High Priest) of Amun at the temple of Karnak, which was, otherwise, a male office. Women could and did hold male administrative positions in Egypt. However, such cases are few, and thus appear to be the exceptions to tradition. Given the relative scarcity of such, they might reflect extraordinary individuals in unusual circumstances. Women functioned as leaders, e.g., kings, dowager queens and regents, even as usurpers of rightful heirs, who were either their step-sons or nephews. We find women as nobility and landed gentry managing both large and small estates, e.g., the lady Tchat who started as overseer of a nomarchs household with a son of middling status; married the nomarch; was elevated, and her son was also raised in status. Women functioned as middle class housekeepers, servants, fieldhands, and all manner of skilled workers inside the household and in estate-workshops. Women could also be national heroines in Egypt. Extraordinary cases include: Queen Ahhotep of the early Eighteenth Dynasty. She was renowned for saving Egypt during the wars of liberation against the Hyksos, and she was praised for rallying the Egyptian tro

My Philosophy of Teaching Essay -- Philosophy of Education Teachers Es

My Philosophy of Teaching Teaching is the most rewarding and self-fulfilling career that I could imagine myself doing. The satisfaction that is received when watching a child’s eyes light up when they have comprehended and understood the topics that I have been teaching is a feeling of great achievement. Teaching children to become productive adults helps the foundation of our society. Today’s children are tomorrow’s adults. I want to help society the best way that I know how. I want to be a teacher. My life long dream has always been to become not only a teacher, but also a mentor. Education as an occupation is not a high paid position, but the amount of self-gratification that could be received is the best reward that I could achieve. I have always been good with children and have been involved through various activities and sports. As a coach, I have instructed youth athletes on various ways to perform in the sport that the athlete is participating in. In a real situation, when I see the athlete perform what I have taught, I feel a sense of pride and accomplishment. If I can feel that good about helping out in extra-curricular activities, I can only imagine how I would feel when teaching the core subjects in everyday school life. Essentialism may be the philosophy of teaching that I plan to practice, because I do believe in the back-to-basics approach of teaching. Essentials in the academic process along with the development of the students’ character is extremely important for these students when faced with the real world. It is extremely important that students learn the primary subjects. I do feel certain subjects need to be addressed each and every day to help the students achieve the necessary skills they will re... ... a good educator. This will open up my mind to even more knowledge, which I can transfer to my students and my classroom In conclusion, I would like to state that in my classroom, I would be the one who teaches the core subjects. I will also be the one who helps the students along with technological skills that will help them in their future. I will try and help the students from the "bad home" become self-confident, secure, and comfortable in the classroom environment. As a teacher, I will not be strictly the essentialist, perennialist, or even the behaviorist. I will incorporate all aspects of these philosophies of teaching into my classroom. I will also be a teacher that is compassionate, caring, understanding, and willing to go the extra mile for my students. I will be a teacher who is adaptable to my students’ environment and the situation in the classroom.

5 A’s of tourism Essay

Developing a suitable combination of these factors is at the heart of tourism planning. Attractions Tourists are motivated to leave their normal place of residence (the origin market) and travel to destinations. What they are actually travelling to can be considered the attraction base of the destination area. A tourist attraction is a place of interest that tourists visit, typically for its inherent or exhibited cultural value, historical significance, natural or built beauty, or amusement opportunities. Some examples include historical places, monuments, zoos, museums and art galleries, botanical gardens, buildings and structures (e.g. castles, libraries, former prisons, skyscrapers, bridges), national parks and forests, theme parks and carnivals, ethnic enclave communities, historic trains and cultural events. Many tourist attractions are also landmarks. Tourist attractions are also created to capitalise on unexplained phenomena such as a supposed UFO crash site near Roswell, New Mexico and the alleged Loch Ness monster sightings in Scotland. Ghost sightings also make tourist at tractions. Attractions also include the activities (another ‘A’) that can be undertaken at the destination. These may be physical, for example, diving and white water rafting or they may be passive, for example, sunbaking and relaxing on a beach. Access Transport is needed to physically move tourists from where they live to where they are visiting. Globally, air transport dominates the movement of  international visitors. In Australia roads and private motor vehicles serve as significant forms of access. Sealed roads offer greater opportunities for vehicle access. A healthy ground touring sector, either day or extended coach tours, is also required to serve the needs of tourists who prefer not to transport themselves. Accommodation All destinations need accommodation nearby otherwise tourists will have nowhere to sleep. This seems basic enough but investors will only invest in accommodation infrastructure if there is sufficient economic return. Many areas of Australia are blessed with excellent attractions and are readily accessible but (for a whole range of reasons) lack tourist accommodation. In recent years the market has seen a proliferation of accommodation types from basic camping and backpacking facilities to mega-resorts. Successful accommodation development, more then ever before, depends on building the right type of facility to suit the needs of a profitable segment of the market. Amenities Amenities are the services that are required to meet the needs of tourists while they are away from home. They include public toilets, signage, retail shopping, restaurants and cafes, visitor centres, telecommunications and emergency services. Because many of the amenities are government services delivered by local, state and national agencies, a high degree of co-operation is needed, particularly where tourist services may be seen to be competing with the needs of local residents. Awareness Having the best attractions, access, accommodation and amenities in the world is totally useless if the awareness factor is missing. Awareness in this sense has three meanings. Firstly, the local population must have a positive attitude (another A) toward tourism. If the local community sees â€Å"tourists as terrorists† then this will have a negative impact. Secondly, those in the front line of tourism, that is, those who directly interface with tourists must have strong, positive attitudes towards tourists. This includes the shops, post offices, road houses and the many other businesses that come in contact with tourists, not just the hotels and restaurants. In all a local community must be made aware of the value of tourism. The third plank in the  awareness platform is market awareness. The destination or more importantly, the destination’s image must be a strong, positive one and firmly implanted in the tourist’s mind